some passages that sound so Pauline and yet others that appear to be secondary reflections. According to Muddiman, there were three types of pseudepigraphy in Greco-Roman society, each based on intention: “innocent” (or “naïve”), which employs the names of great worthies to gain acceptance and adherence (e.g., 1 and 2 Peter, James, Jude); “imitative,” a careful, respectful interpretation based on authentic writings; “fraudulent” (or “subversive”), an attempt to discredit and replace genuine writings.